This contribution is the Spanish updated version of an article written by A. Garcea outlining the evolution of Roman linguistic thought as reflected by fragmentary authors from the time of Aelius Stilo to Quintilian’s, with a special focus on authors such as Caesar and Pliny. In a new section, J. Uría adds a brief review of some minor figures of the 1st century A.D. From this study we can infer that the history of ancient linguistics should not focus exclusively on the works preserved by direct transmission while bypassing the relevant fragmentary material.